The first images from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-2
satellite are anticipated approximately 90 days after the scheduled
October 2009 launch when the next-generation satellite joins its sister
spacecraft, WorldView-1.
WorldView-1 and WorldView-2, both built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies
Corp., are the first commercial satellites integrated with control
moment gyroscopes (CMGs). These high-performance CMGs provide
acceleration up to 10x that of other attitude control actuators, and
their agility improves both maneuvering and targeting capability. The
CMGs have demonstrated superb performance on WorldView-1, which has a
60-centimeter mirror. WorldView-2's mirror is much larger at 110
centimeters, which created the need to address methods for limiting,
analyzing and verifying image jitter.
Jitter Control
WorldView-2's larger telescope size and corresponding smaller imaging
pixel size caused concern that the instrument could be more sensitive to
jitter, which affects image quality. One source of potential jitter is
movement of the spacecraft's CMGs, which spin at nearly 6,000 rpm during
normal operations. Minimal jitter of the spacecraft results in the
capture of crisper images. To solve the anticipated jitter issue,
WorldView-2 has a low-frequency Instrument Vibration Isolation System (IVIS)
supplied by CSA Engineering, in addition to the CMG isolation platform
provided by Honeywell and used on WorldView-1.
Upon achieving orbit, the WorldView-2 satellite will release the
instrument launch locks. After this actuation, the instrument is
structurally isolated from the “noise” created onboard the satellite bus
by the IVIS. The IVIS was designed and built to WorldView-2's unique
specifications, but builds upon the heritage of the proven CSA
“Softride” isolator design. The WorldView-2 IVIS isolates the
jitter-sensitive instrument from any “noise” created by other satellite
components such as antenna gimbals or the CMGs. This isolation ensures
that the images provided by WorldView-2 will not be smeared by the
disruptive impact from these other components. The CSA isolation system
was included as a modification to the WorldView-2 spacecraft bus
structure, avoiding any changes to the instrument design or interfaces.
A software change was made to the guidance and control algorithms to
account for instrument flexing at the isolation system during maneuvers.
Expected jitter performance
has been verified on the integrated spacecraft using CSA's sensitive
instrumented test stand. Results indicate that the small amount of
jitter reaching the instrument will have negligible affect on image
quality. In the end, the isolation system provides tremendous risk
reduction for the spacecraft by drastically increasing the spacecraft
margins.
The CMG Advantage
CMGs are high-speed motors and flywheels attached to gimbals, which
quickly move the spinning wheels to different orientations. The
mechanical advantage of CMGs is a rapid transfer of momentum between the
CMG array and the spacecraft using only a modest amount of power. The
CMG array nominally contains zero momentum, with large amounts of
momentum in each individual CMG pointed in the opposite direction to the
other CMGs in the array, ready to transfer it at a moment's notice.
The CMGs aboard WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 reduce slew time from over
60 seconds to only nine seconds to cover 300 kilometers. This means
WorldView-2 will be able to rapidly swing a massive two-ton spacecraft,
with a huge onboard camera, precisely from one target to another,
allowing extensive imaging of many targets, as well as stereo imaging,
in a single orbital pass. With a mission life of 7.25 years, and
operating at an altitude of 770 kilometers, the WorldView-2 system is
expected to bring unsurpassed agility, capacity, accuracy and spectral
diversity to commercial Earth imaging.
Spacecraft Compatibility
Both WorldView satellites use the Ball Commercial Platform (BCP) 5000
spacecraft, a flight-proven, fixed-price system that offers increased
resolution and rapid retargeting, as well as accommodates future
optical, scientific and Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing
payloads. The BCP 5000's power, stability, agility, data storage and
data transmission capabilities combine to deliver comprehensive Earth
remote sensing information.