ERSI

 
 
  The first images from DigitalGlobe's WorldView-2 satellite are anticipated approximately 90 days after the scheduled October 2009 launch when the next-generation satellite joins its sister spacecraft, WorldView-1.

WorldView-1 and WorldView-2, both built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., are the first commercial satellites integrated with control moment gyroscopes (CMGs). These high-performance CMGs provide acceleration up to 10x that of other attitude control actuators, and their agility improves both maneuvering and targeting capability. The CMGs have demonstrated superb performance on WorldView-1, which has a 60-centimeter mirror. WorldView-2's mirror is much larger at 110 centimeters, which created the need to address methods for limiting, analyzing and verifying image jitter.

Jitter Control
WorldView-2's larger telescope size and corresponding smaller imaging pixel size caused concern that the instrument could be more sensitive to jitter, which affects image quality. One source of potential jitter is movement of the spacecraft's CMGs, which spin at nearly 6,000 rpm during normal operations. Minimal jitter of the spacecraft results in the capture of crisper images. To solve the anticipated jitter issue, WorldView-2 has a low-frequency Instrument Vibration Isolation System (IVIS) supplied by CSA Engineering, in addition to the CMG isolation platform provided by Honeywell and used on WorldView-1.

Upon achieving orbit, the WorldView-2 satellite will release the instrument launch locks. After this actuation, the instrument is structurally isolated from the “noise” created onboard the satellite bus by the IVIS. The IVIS was designed and built to WorldView-2's unique specifications, but builds upon the heritage of the proven CSA “Softride” isolator design. The WorldView-2 IVIS isolates the jitter-sensitive instrument from any “noise” created by other satellite components such as antenna gimbals or the CMGs. This isolation ensures that the images provided by WorldView-2 will not be smeared by the disruptive impact from these other components. The CSA isolation system was included as a modification to the WorldView-2 spacecraft bus structure, avoiding any changes to the instrument design or interfaces. A software change was made to the guidance and control algorithms to account for instrument flexing at the isolation system during maneuvers.
 
   
   
 
 

Expected jitter performance has been verified on the integrated spacecraft using CSA's sensitive instrumented test stand. Results indicate that the small amount of jitter reaching the instrument will have negligible affect on image quality. In the end, the isolation system provides tremendous risk reduction for the spacecraft by drastically increasing the spacecraft margins.

The CMG Advantage
CMGs are high-speed motors and flywheels attached to gimbals, which quickly move the spinning wheels to different orientations. The mechanical advantage of CMGs is a rapid transfer of momentum between the CMG array and the spacecraft using only a modest amount of power. The CMG array nominally contains zero momentum, with large amounts of momentum in each individual CMG pointed in the opposite direction to the other CMGs in the array, ready to transfer it at a moment's notice.


The CMGs aboard WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 reduce slew time from over 60 seconds to only nine seconds to cover 300 kilometers. This means WorldView-2 will be able to rapidly swing a massive two-ton spacecraft, with a huge onboard camera, precisely from one target to another, allowing extensive imaging of many targets, as well as stereo imaging, in a single orbital pass. With a mission life of 7.25 years, and operating at an altitude of 770 kilometers, the WorldView-2 system is expected to bring unsurpassed agility, capacity, accuracy and spectral diversity to commercial Earth imaging.

Spacecraft Compatibility
Both WorldView satellites use the Ball Commercial Platform (BCP) 5000 spacecraft, a flight-proven, fixed-price system that offers increased resolution and rapid retargeting, as well as accommodates future optical, scientific and Synthetic Aperture Radar remote sensing payloads. The BCP 5000's power, stability, agility, data storage and data transmission capabilities combine to deliver comprehensive Earth remote sensing information.
 

 
     
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